Czech Republic: Facts & Stats

ECONOMY

Industry:

Of the former communist countries in Central and Eastern Europe, the Czech Republic has one of the most developed and industrialized economies. The majority of large and medium-sized enterprises have been privatized. Companies that are still run by the state are not very competitive and have sizable debts. Such companies lie primarily in the energy and mining sectors, although some of them are classified as strategic industries.

Industry accounted for 41% of GDP in 2001, and employed 35% of the work force. The principal industries are motor vehicles, machine-building, iron and steel production, metalworking, chemicals, electronics, transportation equipment, textiles, glass, brewing, china, ceramics, and pharmaceuticals. The country is particularly strong in engineering. The Czech Republic in 2001 was receiving the highest foreign direct investment in the region, which was devoted to restructuring industrial companies. Forty percent of industrial production in 2001 came from companies with foreign capital, up from 15% in 1997.

The Czech Republic produced 465,268 automobiles in 2001, up 2% from 2000. Skoda Auto, now owned by Volkswagen, is a successful Czech enterprise.

Agriculture:

Agriculture makes up the smallest sector in the Czech economy, contributing about 5 percent of the total GDP. The Czech Republic has 3.1 million hectares of arable land, although roughly half of this land is not highly productive. The main agricultural products are sugar beets, fodder roots, potatoes, wheat, and hops. The principal crops are grains (wheat, rye, barley, oats, and corn). Production in 1999 included wheat, 4,028,000 tons; barley, 2,227,000 tons; rye, 206,000 tons; oats, 179,000 tons; and corn, 260,000 tons.

At 166 liters (44 gallons) per person, the Czech Republic is the world's highest per capita beer-consuming nation. There is a long tradition of brewing in the Czech Republic; some of the world's oldest brands were invented there. After Germany, the Czech Republic is Europe's largest producer of hops; production in 1999 was 6,000 tons. Other important crops include oilseeds, sugar beets, potatoes, and apples.

Ecological agriculture forms is an integral part of Czech agrarian policy. In 2006, there were 963 farms in the 281,535-hectare area managing ecologically, which represents 6.61 % of the acreage of the agricultural land resources. In the years 1997 –2003, there was the highest growth of ecological area under cultivation, mainly in connection with the recovery of the state support of ecological agriculture in 1998, which continued with the state support of 1990–93. The ecological area under cultivation is currently 306,996 hectares, which represents 7,21 % of the total area of the agricultural land resources of the Czech Republic.

Within agriculture, the production of fossil fuels has also made some progress, such as methyl-ester, rapeseed oil and mixed fuel, and the production of bio-ethanol is under preparation.

Research & Development:

Research and Development Institutions in the Czech Republic:

Research and Development Council	http://www.vyzkum.cz
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic	http://www.cas.cz
Association of Research Organizations	http://www.avo.cz
Association for Innovative Enterprise	http://www.aipcr.cz
Science and Technology Parks Association	http://eng.svtp.cz

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